If you’re into precision rifle shooting, then chances are that you’ve heard of the 28 Nosler and 6.5 Creedmoor. These two modern centerfire rifle cartridges excel at long range shooting and can deliver sub-MOA levels of accuracy at ranges of 1,000 yards and more with proper loads.
However, each rifle cartridge was developed with a very different intended purposes in mind. The 6.5 Creedmoor was initially marketed as a long range competition round while the 28 Nosler was developed primarily for big game hunting.
With the widespread acceptance and meteoric rise in popularity of the 6.5 Creedmoor, some shooters started taking it into the woods. Taking note of this change in perspective, several ammo companies started offering expanding bullets for the 6.5 CM as it started to transition into a hunting cartridge.
Most hunters would agree that the 6.5 Creedmoor is powerful enough for whitetail, mule deer, and pronghorn, but does it have the stopping power need to take down big game like elk? Or would you be better served with the potent terminal ballistics of the 28 Nosler for these larger animals?
In this article, we will evaluate the 6.5 Creedmoor vs 28 Nosler to help you understand the differences between the two and give you a clearer idea of which cartridge is best for your shooting and hunting needs.

What is the difference between 6.5 Creedmoor and 28 Nosler?

The main difference between the 6.5 Creedmoor and 28 Nosler is that the 6.5 Creedmoor fires 0.264” diameter bullets compared to 0.284” diameter bullets for the 28 Nosler. The 28 Nosler generally fires bullets between 150 and 175 grains while the 6.5 Creedmoor fires lighter bullets between 95 and 147 grains.

Cartridge Specs

When evaluating centerfire cartridges, it’s a good idea to analyze the cartridge specs to gain more knowledge of each.
The 6.5 Creedmoor is the older cartridge of the two, being released in 2007 in part due to a gripe session between legendary Service Rifle competitor, Dennis DeMille, and Dave Emary, the senior ballistician for Hornady Ammunition at the time.
The round was developed by necking down a 30 Thompson Center case to accept a 6.5mm or 0.264” diameter bullet.
Although developed more recently in 2015, the 28 Nosler draws its heritage from an older safari round, the 404 Jeffery, which was modified to accept a 7mm or 0.284” diameter bullet.
The 404 Jeffery sired the majority of Nosler’s cartridge line, namely the 30 Nosler, 26 Nosler, and 33 Nosler as well as other magnum cartridges like the 7mm Remington Magnum (7mm Rem Mag) and Winchester’s 300 WSM.
Perhaps the most obvious difference between these two rounds is their size, as the 28 Nosler stands almost a half inch taller than the 6.5 CM in terms of overall length (3.34” vs 2.825”). The case length of the 28 Nosler measures 2.59”, which is also considerably longer than the 6.5 Creedmoor’s case at 1.92”.
The 28 Nosler is also wider than the 6.5 CM with a base diameter of 0.534” compared to 0.47”, respectively.
The larger case of the 28 Nosler also gives it a considerably higher case capacity of 93 grains compared to 52.5 grains for the 6.5 CM. This roughly translates to 77% more case capacity for the 28 Nosler.
However, even with 77% more powder, the maximum chamber pressures for both rounds are similar per SAAMI specs. The 28 Nosler is rated at 65,000 psi compared to 62,000 psi for the 6.5 Creedmoor.
Based on all this data, what inferences can we draw? Looking at the two rounds, the 28 Nosler is clearly the larger of the two. It fires heavier bullets and has considerably higher case capacity. This disparity will likely give the 28 Nosler a slight edge in ballistics which will be paid for with heavier recoil.

Recoil

The 6.5 Creedmoor has considerably less recoil than the 28 Nosler.
Recoil is an important consideration when purchasing a new rifle as a round with heavy recoil will be more difficult to control and will slow your rate of follow up shots. The potential for flinching is also an issue for cartridges with heavy recoil.
Free Recoil is affected primarily by muzzle velocity (FPS), powder charge, bullet weight, and firearm weight.
For this comparison we will analyze two popular rounds for long range hunting, the 175 gr Accubond Long Range traveling at 3,125 fps for 28 Nosler and the Hornady 143 gr ELD-X Precision Hunter for the 6.5 Creedmoor with a muzzle velocity of 2,700 fps.
The hunting rifle selected for this comparison will be the Savage 110 High Country, as this is a popular bolt-action rifle for elk hunting and is offered in both cartridges for a true “apples to apples” comparison. The average weight for Savage 110 is 8.5 pounds.
Given these rounds, the 28 Nosler will have a free recoil of 34 ft-lbs while the 6.5 Creedmoor will have 14 ft-lbs of free recoil. That’s nearly a 2.5x difference in terms of recoil.
This drastic difference in recoil clearly illustrates the design differences between these two rifle cartridges.
The low recoil of the 6.5 CM makes it ideal for long range shooting competitions where the utmost levels of accuracy are needed. On the other hand, the heavier projectiles and larger powder charge of the 28 Nosler means its bullets can retain their kinetic energy more efficiently at range which is needed for big game hunting.

Muzzle Velocity, Kinetic Energy, and Trajectory

If you frequent any shooting or hunting forums, you are likely aware that proponents of the 6.5 Creedmoor proclaim that the round is perfect for all your shooting needs (just ask them). On the other hand, 28 Nosler supporters scoff at recoil, stating that the superior ballistics of the round are worth it.
To evaluate these claims, we will compare four of the most popular factory loads on the market and see how they stack up against each other!
For this comparison, we will analyze two popular options for each cartridge. For 28 Nosler, the 160 gr Ballistic Tip and 175 grain Accubond Long Range loads from Nosler were selected. For the 6.5 Creedmoor we will analyze the Hornady 143 gr ELD-X and the Barnes VOR-TX 127 gr LRX polymer tipped bullet.
BALLISTIC TABLE
The data from the table above is surprising, as the 28 Nosler simply dominates the 6.5 Creedmoor in all ballistic categories.
In terms of muzzle velocity, the 28 Nosler was approximately 300-400 fps faster for all loads. Although this difference was not massive, the disparity in kinetic energy was considerable.
The 175 gr Accubond factory ammo had the highest muzzle energy at 3,794 foot-pounds while the highest muzzle energy for the 6.5 Creedmoor came from the 143 gr ELD-X at 2,315 foot-pounds. This is about a 64% difference between the two.
In terms of trajectory, the 28 Nosler was flatter shooting by a wide margin especially at longer distances. All four rounds were within about 10” of each other out to 400 yards, however at the 800 yard maker the difference became dramatically apparent.
At 800 yards the two 28 Nosler rounds had -127.7” and -132.8” of bullet drop for the 175 gr Accubond and 160 gr Ballistic Tip bullets, respectively. On the other hand, the two 6.5 CM loads had -181” and -188.9” of bullet drop for the 143 gr ELD-X and 127 gr LRX, respectively.
To put some of these numbers for the 28 Nosler in perspective, the rifle cartridge surpasses the 300 Weatherby Magnum in terms of muzzle velocity while matching the 300 Winchester Magnum and 300 PRC in terms of muzzle energy.
You can read more about how the 28 Nosler compares to other rifle cartridges in these articles:

The 28 Nosler is clearly superior to the 6.5 Creedmoor from a ballistic standpoint, it is incredibly flat shooting with higher muzzle velocity and kinetic energy. However, those advantages are paid for in barrel life.

Barrel Life

The 6.5 Creedmoor will typically have a longer barrel life than the 28 Nosler.
When a cartridge is fired, the powder charge is ignited to push the bullet down the barrel. The resulting flame touches not only the base of the bullet, but the rifling as well. Particularly vulnerable is the rifling at the mouth of the chamber.
Heat is the enemy of barrel life, the hotter you get your barrel the faster the rifling will begin to wear out.
It should be noted that most hunters will not “shoot out” a barrel for multiple seasons with either cartridge. Those who report short barrel life are typically high-volume competition shooters that are shooting near maximum charge handloads to achieve as much muzzle velocity as possible.
To increase your barrel’s lifespan, it’s best to run either factory ammo or handloads below maximum charge. Furthermore, allowing the barrel to cool between strings of fire will also help extend your barrel life.
For a sub-MOA barrel, many shooters report a loss in peak accuracy for 28 Nosler around the 800-round mark, while a 6.5 Creedmoor barrel can hold accuracy until around 2,000-2,500 rounds on average.
The primary difference between the two is the 28 fires a considerably larger powder charge. This means that all the additional heat is focused on a smaller area which increases erosion of the rifling.
Handloaders can perform a technique called “chasing the lands” to help elongate the life of their barrels. As the lands of the barrel erode at the throat, a handloader can measure the levels of erosion and adjust their bullet seating depth to match it.
This helps maintain shot-to-shot consistency for a time, but it is a temporary fix as eventually they will reach the limit of how far out they can seat the bullet in the case.
The bottom line is that most hunters should not experience any appreciable difference in accuracy for multiple seasons, but if a high-volume shooter or hunter is concerned about barrel life then a 6.5 CM barrel will typically last longer.

Ballistic Coefficient and Sectional Density

Ballistic coefficient (BC) is a measure of how aerodynamic a bullet is and how well it will resist wind drift. Sectional density (SD) is a way to evaluate the penetration ability of a bullet based on its external dimensions, design, and weight.
One of the major benefits of 6.5mm and 7mm bullets is their incredibly high ballistic coefficients. The design of both bullets allows them to be incredibly sleek, streamlined, and aerodynamic which helps fight wind drift for longer range shots.
Of the bullets evaluated previously, the 7mm 175 gr Accubond Long Range has the highest BC measured at 0.648 while the 160 gr Ballistic Tip bullet measured a respectable 0.531. However, the 6.5 Creedmoor is right on the 28’s heels as the 143 gr ELD-X has a high BC of 0.625 while the 127 gr LTX measures in at a respectable 0.468 BC.
In terms of penetration and sectional density, both the 6.5 Creedmoor and 28 Nosler are fairly close to one another and are more than adequate for large game. The 175 gr Accubond has the highest SD at 0.310 followed closely by the 6.5mm 143 gr ELD-X at 0.293.
To summarize, the 28 Nosler will have slightly better resistance to wind drift and slightly deeper penetration than the 6.5 Creedmoor.

Hunting

There’s a lot of contention in the hunting community about which of these new cartridges is best for big game.
The 28 Nosler clearly has enough kinetic energy to take down almost any game animal in North America, while the 6.5 Creedmoor offers hunters a softer shooting rifle that allows for better shot placement.
Selecting the best cartridge for your hunting needs primarily depends on what animals and what ranges you plan to hunt.
The 6.5 Creedmoor is perfectly suitable for medium sized game like whitetail, mule deer, pronghorn, and antelope at ranges around 500 yards or less. However, the 28 Nosler is the better option for game animals like elk, moose, and caribou.
I’m sure that the devout 6.5 Creedmoor standard bearers are foaming at the mouth right about now as I did not pontificate the elk-slaying virtues of their beloved rifle cartridge. However, the 28 Nosler is simply the better choice for big game.
This is not to say that you cannot take elk with a 6.5 CM under 300 yards, as you certainly have enough kinetic energy to do so. However, this doesn’t mean that it’s the best choice. You can kill a grizzly bear using a .22 LR with proper shot placement, but that doesn’t mean I’m using a Ruger 10/22 as a guide gun in Alaska.
The 28 Nosler has the power that’s needed to ethically harvest elk and larger game at long range while firing a larger diameter bullet. The 28 Nosler is going to leave a bigger hole, hit harder, and reduce unnecessary suffering of the game animal should your shot placement not be spot on.
To summarize, the 6.5 Creedmoor offers hunters a low recoil, flat shooting package that is easy to carry through thick brush on deer or antelope hunts while the 28 Nosler offers the power needed for long range elk hunting.
Although the 6.5 CM does have the needed 1,500 foot-pounds of energy needed for elk at ranges below 300 yards, the 28 Nosler gives you the added security of ensuring you have enough kinetic energy for elk at all plausible hunting ranges.

Ammo and Rifle Cost/Availability

The 6.5 Creedmoor cannot be beat when it comes to ammo availability and rifle options as it has become the most popular 6.5mm caliber cartridge on the market.
The popularity of the 6.5 CM and ammo availability cannot be understated, as there is no worse feeling then going out to the range and not having ammo available to shoot with.
The Creedmoor offers shooters an extreme amount of versatility, as there are lighter 95 grain bullets loaded for varmints and heavier projectiles that can easily take down whitetail or your next long range precision rifle competition.
Virtually every ammo manufacture like Hornady, Winchester, Remington, Norma, Berger, Barnes, Federal and Browning has some version of 6.5 Creedmoor hunting ammo available. On the other hand, the 28 Nosler currently only has factory ammo available from Nosler, Hornady, and Browning.
In terms of cost, 6.5 CM ammo will generally be less expensive with inexpensive practice ammo going for around $1.20/round and premium hunting ammo costing between $2-3.50/round.
In contrast, the 28 Nosler is more costly to shoot as the least expensive ammo from Nosler runs around $3/round. Hornady and Browning factory loads for 28 Nosler typically run around $4/round while the premium long range ammo from Nosler will punch holes in your wallet to the tune of $6/round.
When it comes to rifle options, the 6.5 Creedmoor continues its dominance as a multitude of bolt-action rifles are available in the caliber.
Entry level bolt-action rifles like the Ruger American and Savage Axis can be had for under $500, while more expensive hunting rifles like a Browning X-Bolt, Savage 110, and Winchester Model 70 can be had for a bit more.
For PRS competitive shooters, the Ruger Precision Rifle and Savage 110 Precision are two out of the box long range rifles ready for the 1,000 yard line. Semi-automatic options for the 6.5 CM are also available in the FN SCAR, Springfield M1A, and AR-10 pattern rifles.
For the 28 Nosler, bolt-action rifles are your only option circa summer 2022. Savage, Bergara, Browning and Christensen are the primary manufacturers of factory rifles for the 28 Nosler, all of which will cost you over $1,000 or more.

Reloading

Reloading is one method shooters use to reduce their overall cost per round and increase the consistency of their ammo to sub-MOA levels. Furthermore, handloads can be tailored to your rifle to meet your specific shooting needs.
Given the relative difficulty in sourcing ammo for the 28 Nosler, most shooters who opt for this cartridge will choose to reload for it to ensure a steady supply of ammo for the range.
Although 6.5 Creedmoor is considerably more common, shooters still enjoy reloading for the 6.5 to ensure the utmost levels of accuracy and consistency.
Bullets for 6.5mm are relatively easy to come by as this bullet diameter is also fired in the 6.5 Grendel, 6.5x55 Swiss, 264 Win Mag, 260 Remington, 6.5-.284 Norma, and 6.5 PRC.
On the other hand, the 7mm caliber bullets are not as common as the American classic 30-caliber. However, cartridges like the 7mm Rem Mag, 7x57 Mauser, 280 Ackley Improved, and 7mm-08 all fire the same bullets so there are options available.
Bullet manufacturers like Nosler, Barnes, Berger, and Hornady have a wide variety of bullet weights and profiles available for both calibers.
However, special care should be taken when ordering large quantities of bullets for the 28 Nosler to ensure that you are ordering the proper bullet diameter. It can be confusing to new handloaders that 0.284” diameter bullets are labeled as 7mm when they truly measure 7.2mm in diameter.
A true 7mm bullet (0.277”) fired by rounds like the 270 Winchester will often be labeled as “270 caliber” to avoid any confusion. Just make sure that you order the correct diameter bullet and contact the manufacturer if you have any questions.
Sourcing brass will be more difficult for the 28 Nosler as it is a newer cartridge. Nosler and Hornady are the primary suppliers of new, unprimed 28 Nosler brass while 6.5 Creedmoor cases are readily available from virtually every manufacturer that offers factory new brass.

Final Shots: 6.5 Creedmoor vs 28 Nosler

The 6.5 Creedmoor and 28 Nosler are two centerfire rifle cartridges that were developed for long range target shooting and hunting.
The 28 Nosler is the younger and larger of the two. Superior to the 6.5 Creedmoor in every ballistic category, the 28 Nosler is viewed by many as the ideal 1,000 yard cartridge and can easily be utilized for elk hunting past 800 yards.
Although the 28 Nosler has numerous ballistic advantages, these come at the cost of punishing recoil and criminally short barrel life.
On the other hand, the 6.5 Creedmoor is a round that built a rock-solid following in the long range shooting community. With minimal recoil and a flatter trajectory than a 308 Winchester, the 6.5 Creedmoor has cemented its competition circles and has successfully transitioned into a hunting cartridge as well.
Although the 6.5 CM is an excellent cartridge for deer hunting, its kinetic energy leaves something to be desired when it comes to hunting elk and larger game.
Most shooters will opt for the 6.5 Creedmoor, as low recoil and ammo versatility are appealing to hunters and long range marksmen alike. However, if you want the most power you can possible attain with a 7mm bullet, then look no further than the mighty 28 Nosler as it won’t let you down so long as your shot placement is on point.
No matter which cartridge you choose, make sure you stock up on ammunition here at Ammo.com and I’ll see you on the range!
28 Nosler vs 6.5 Creedmoor: A Long Range Hunting Cartridge Comparison originally appeared on Ammo.com

(Hey everyone, this is the SECOND half of the Finale, you can find the first half here)

The Dollar Endgame

True monetary collapses are hard to grasp for many in the West who have not experienced extreme inflation. The ever increasing money printing seems strange, alien even. Why must money supply grow exponentially? Why did the Reichsbank continue printing even as hyperinflation took hold in Germany?
What is not understood well are the hidden feedback loops that dwell under the surface of the economy.
The Dragon of Inflation, once awoken, is near impossible to tame.
It all begins with a country walking itself into a situation of severe fiscal mismanagement- this could be the Roman Empire of the early 300s, or the German Empire in 1916, or America in the 1980s- 2020s.
The State, fighting a war, promoting a welfare state, or combating an economic downturn, loads itself with debt burdens too heavy for it to bear.
This might even create temporary illusions of wealth and prosperity. The immediate results are not felt. But the trap is laid.
Over the next few years and even decades, the debt continues to grow. The government programs and spending set up during an emergency are almost impossible to shut down. Politicians are distracted with the issues of the day, and concerns about a borrowing binge take the backseat.
The debt loads begin to reach a critical mass, almost always just as a political upheaval unfolds. Murphy’s Law comes into effect.
Next comes a crisis.
This could be Visigoth tribesmen attacking the border posts in the North, making incursions into Roman lands. Or it could be the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, kicking off a chain of events causing the onset of World War 1.
Or it could be a global pandemic, shutting down 30% of GDP overnight.
Politicians respond as they always had- mass government mobilization, both in the real and financial sense, to address the issue. Promising that their solutions will remedy the problem, a push begins for massive government spending to “solve” economic woes.
They go to fundraise debt to finance the Treasury. But this time is different.
Very few, if any, investors bid. Now they are faced with a difficult question- how to make up for the deficit between the Treasury’s income and its massive projected expenditure. Who’s going to buy the bonds?
With few or no legitimate buyers for their debt, they turn to their only other option- the printing press. Whatever the manner, new money is created and enters the supply.
This time is different. Due to the flood of new liquidity entering the system, widespread inflation occurs. Confounded, the politicians blame everyone and everything BUT the printing as the cause.
Bonds begin to sell off, which causes interest rates to rise. With rates suppressed so low for so long, trillions of dollars of leverage has built up in the system.
No one wants to hold fixed income instruments yielding 1% when inflation is soaring above 8%. It's a guaranteed losing trade. As more and more investors run for the exits in the bond markets, liquidity dries up and volatility spikes.
The MOVE index, a measure of bond market volatility, begins climbing to levels not seen since the 2008 Financial Crisis.

MOVE Index
Sovereign bond market liquidity begins to evaporate. Weak links in the system, overleveraged several times on government debt, such as the UK’s pension funds, begin to implode.
The banks and Treasury itself will not survive true deflation- in the US, Yellen is already getting so antsy that she just asked major banks if Treasury should buy back their bonds to “ensure liquidity”!
As yields rise, government borrowing costs spike and their ability to roll their debt becomes extremely impaired. Overleveraged speculators in housing, equity and bond markets begin to liquidate positions and a full blown deleveraging event emerges.
True deflation in a macro environment as indebted as ours would mean rates soaring well above 15-20%, and a collapse in money market funds, equities, bonds, and worst of all, a certain Treasury default as federal tax receipts decline and deficits rise.
A run on the banks would ensue. Without the Fed printing, the major banks, (which have a 0% capital reserve requirement since 3/15/20), would quickly be drained. Insolvency is not the issue here- liquidity is; and without cash reserves a freezing of the interbank credit and repo markets would quickly ensue.
For those who don’t think this is possible, Tim Geitner, NY Fed President during the 2008 Crisis, stated that in the aftermath of Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy, we were “We were a few days away from the ATMs not working” (start video at 46:07).
As inflation rips higher, the $24T Treasury market, and the $15.5T Corporate bond markets selloff hard. Soon they enter freefall as forced liquidations wipe leverage out of the system. Similar to 2008, credit markets begin to freeze up. Thousands of “zombie corporations”, firms held together only with razor thin margins and huge amounts of near zero yielding debt, begin to default. One study by a Deutsche analyst puts the figure at 25% of companies in the S&P 500.
The Central Banks respond to the crisis as they always have- coming to the rescue with the money printer, like the Bank of England did when they restarted QE, or how the Bank of Japan began “emergency bond buying operations”.
But this time is massive. They have to print more than ever before as the ENTIRE DEBT BASED FINANCIAL SYSTEM UNWINDS.
QE Infinity begins. Trillions of Treasuries, MBS, Corporate bonds, and Bond ETFs are bought up. The only manner in which to prevent the bubble from imploding is by overwhelming the system with freshly printed cash. Everything is no-limit bid.
The tsunami of new money floods into the system and a face ripping rally begins in every major asset class. This is the beginning of the melt-up phase.
The Federal Reserve, within a few months, goes from owning 30% of the Treasury market, to 70% or more. The Bank of Japan is already at 70% ownership of certain JGB issuances, and some bonds haven’t traded for a record number of days in an active market!
The Central Banks EAT the bond market. The “Lender of Last Resort” becomes “The Lender of Only Resort”.
Another step towards hyperinflation. The Dragon crawls out of his lair.

QE Process
Now the majority or even entirety of the new bond issuances from the Treasury are bought with printed money. Money supply must increase in tandem with federal deficits, fueling further inflation as more new money floods into the system.
The Fed’s liquidity hose is now directly plugged into the veins of the real economy. The heroin of free money now flows in ever increasing amounts towards Main Street.
The same face-ripping rise seen in equities in 2020 and 2021 is now mirrored in the markets for goods and services.
Prices for Food, gas, housing, computers, cars, healthcare, travel, and more explode higher. This sets off several feedback loops- the first of which is the wage-price spiral. As the prices of everything rise, real disposable income falls.
Massive strikes and turnover ensues. Workers refuse to labor for wages that are not keeping up with their expenses. After much consternation, firms are forced to raise wages or see large scale work stoppages.

Wage-Price Spiral
These higher wages now mean the firm has higher costs, and thus must charge higher prices for goods. This repeats ad infinitum.
The next feedback loop is monetary velocity- the number of times one dollar is spent to buy goods and services per unit of time. If the velocity of money is increasing, then more transactions are occurring between individuals in an economy.
The faster the dollar turns over, the more items it can bid for- and thus the more prices rise. Money velocity increasing is a key feature of a currency beginning to inflate away. In nations experiencing hyperinflation like Venezuela, where money velocity was purported to be over 7,000 annually- or more than 20 times a DAY.
As prices rise steadily, people begin to increase their inflation expectations, which leads to them going out and preemptively buying before the goods become even more expensive. This leads to hoarding and shortages as select items get bought out quickly, and whatever is left is marked up even more. ANOTHER feedback loop.
Inflation now soars to 25%. Treasury deficits increase further as the government is forced to spend more to hire and retain workers, and government subsidies are demanded by every corner of the populace as a way to alleviate the price pressures.
The government budget increases. Any hope of worker’s pensions or banks buying the new debt is dashed as the interest rates remain well below the rate of inflation, and real wages continue to fall. They thus must borrow more as the entire system unwinds.
The Hyperinflationary Feedback loop kicks in, with exponentially increasing borrowing from the Treasury matched by new money supply as the Printer whirrs away.
The Dragon begins his fiery assault.

Hyperinflationary Feedback Loop
As the dollar devalues, other central banks continue printing furiously. This phenomenon of being trapped in a debt spiral is not unique to the United States- virtually every major economy is drowning under excessive credit loads, as the average G7 debt load is 135% of GDP.
As the central banks print at different speeds, massive dislocations begin to occur in currency markets. Nations who print faster and with greater debt monetization fall faster than others, but all fiats fall together in unison in real terms.
Global trade becomes extremely difficult. Trade invoices, which usually can take several weeks or even months to settle as the item is shipped across the world, go haywire as currencies move 20% or more against each other in short timeframes. Hedging becomes extremely difficult, as vol premiums rise and illiquidity is widespread.
Amidst the chaos, a group of nations comes together to decide to use a new monetary media- this could be the Special Drawing Right (SDR), a neutral global reserve currency created by the IMF.
It could be a new commodity based money, similar to the old US Dollar pegged to Gold.
Or it could be a peer-to-peer decentralized cryptocurrency with a hard supply limit and secure payment channels.
Whatever the case- it doesn't really matter. The dollar will begin to lose dominance as the World Reserve Currency as the new one arises.
As the old system begins to die, ironically the dollar soars higher on foreign exchange- as there is a $20T global short position on the USD, in the form of leveraged loans, sovereign debt, corporate bonds, and interbank repo agreements.
All this dollar debt creates dollar DEMAND, and if the US is not printing fast enough or importing enough to push dollars out to satisfy demand, banks and institutions will rush to the Forex market to dump their local currency in exchange for dollars.
This drives DXY up even higher, and then forces more firms to dump local currency to cover dollar debt as the debt becomes more expensive, in a vicious feedback loop. This is called the Dollar Milkshake Theory, posited by Brent Johnson of Santiago Capital.
The global Eurodollar Market IS leverage- and as all leverage works, it must be fed with new dollars or risk bankrupting those who owe the debt. The fundamental issue is that this time, it is not banks, hedge funds, or even insurance giants- this is entire countries like Argentina, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

The Dollar Milkshake
If the Fed does not print to satisfy the demand needed for this Eurodollar market, the Dollar Milkshake will suck almost all global liquidity and capital into the United States, which is a net importer and has largely lost it’s manufacturing base- meanwhile dozens of developing countries and manufacturing firms will go bankrupt and be liquidated, causing a collapse in global supply chains not seen since the Second World War.
This would force inflation to rip above 50% as supply of goods collapses.
Worse yet, what will the Fed do? ALL their choices now make the situation worse.

The Fed's Triple Dilemma
Many pundits will retort- “Even if we have to print the entire unfunded liability of the US, $160T, that’s 8 times current M2 Money Supply. So we’d see 700% inflation over two years and then it would be over!”
This is a grave misunderstanding of the problem; as the Fed expands money supply and finances Treasury spending, inflation rips higher, forcing the AMOUNT THE TREASURY BORROWS, AND THUS THE AMOUNT THE FED PRINTS in the next fiscal quarter to INCREASE. Thus a 100% increase in money supply can cause a 150% increase in inflation, and on again, and again, ad infinitum.
M2 Money Supply increased 41% since March 5th, 2020 and we saw an 18% realized increase in inflation (not CPI, which is manipulated) and a 58% increase in SPY (at the top). This was with the majority of printed money really going into the financial markets, and only stimulus checks and transfer payments flowing into the real economy.
Now Federal Deficits are increasing, and in the next easing cycle, the Fed will be buying the majority of Treasury bonds.
The next $10T they print, therefore, could cause additional inflation requiring another $15T of printing. This could cause another $25T in money printing; this cycle continues forever, like Weimar Germany discovered.
The $200T or so they need to print can easily multiply into the quadrillions by the time we get there.
The Inflation Dragon consumes all in his path.
Federal Net Outlays are currently around 30% of GDP. Of course, the government has tax receipts that it could use to pay for services, but as prices roar higher, the real value of government tax revenue falls. At the end of the Weimar hyperinflation, tax receipts represented less than 1% of all government spending.
This means that without Treasury spending, literally a third of all economic output would cease.
The holders of dollar debt begin dumping them en masse for assets with real world utility and value- even simple things such as food and gas.
People will be forced to ask themselves- what matters more; the amount of Apple shares they hold or their ability to buy food next month? The option will be clear- and as they sell, massive flows of money will move out of the financial economy and into the real.
This begins the final cascade of money into the marketplace which causes the prices of everything to soar higher. The demand for money grows even larger as prices spike, which causes more Treasury spending, which must be financed by new borrowing, which is printed by the Fed. The final doom loop begins, and money supply explodes exponentially.

German Hyperinflation
Monetary velocity rips higher and eventually pushes inflation into the thousands of percent. Goods begin being re-priced by the day, and then by the hour, as the value of the currency becomes meaningless.
A new money, most likely a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin, gains widespread adoption- becoming the preferred method and eventually the default payment mechanism. The State continues attempting to force the citizens to use their currency- but by now all trust in the money has broken down. The only thing that works is force, but even the police, military and legal system by now have completely lost confidence.
The Simulacrum breaks down as the masses begin to realize that the entire financial system, and the very currency that underpins it is a lie- an illusion, propped up via complex derivatives, unsustainable debt loads, and easy money financed by the Central Banks.
Similar to Weimar Germany, confidence in the currency finally collapses as the public awakens to a long forgotten truth-
There is no supply cap on fiat currency.
Conclusion:

QE Infinity

When asked in 1982 what was the one word that could be used to define the Dollar, Fed Chairman Paul Volcker responded with one word-
“Confidence.”
All fiat money systems, unmoored from the tethers of hard money, are now adrift in a sea of illusion, of make-believe. The only fundamental props to support it are the trust and network effects of the participants.
These are powerful forces, no doubt- and have made it so no fiat currency dies without severe pain inflicted on the masses, most of which are uneducated about the true nature of economics and money.
But the Ships of State have wandered into a maelstrom from which there is no return. Currently, total worldwide debt stands at a gargantuan $300 Trillion, equivalent to 356% of global GDP.
This means that even at low interest rates, interest expense will be higher than GDP- we can never grow our way out of this trap, as many economists hope.
Fiat systems demand ever increasing debt, and ever increasing money printing, until the illusion breaks and the flood of liquidity is finally released into the real economy. Financial and Real economies merge in one final crescendo that dooms the currency to die, as all fiats must.
Day by day, hour by hour, the interest accrues.
The Debt grows larger.
And the Dollar Endgame Approaches.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Nothing on this Post constitutes investment advice, performance data or any recommendation that any security, portfolio of securities, investment product, transaction or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. From reading my Post I cannot assess anything about your personal circumstances, your finances, or your goals and objectives, all of which are unique to you, so any opinions or information contained on this Post are just that – an opinion or information. Please consult a financial professional if you seek advice.
*If you would like to learn more, check out my recommended reading list here. This is a dummy google account, so feel free to share with friends- none of my personal information is attached. You can also check out a Google docs version of my Endgame Series here.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I cleared this message with the mods;
IF YOU WOULD LIKE to support me, you can do so my checking out the e-book version of the Dollar Endgame on my twitter profile: https://twitter.com/peruvian_bull/status/1597279560839868417
The paperback version is a work in progress. It's coming.
THERE IS NO PRESSURE TO DO SO. THIS IS NOT A MONEY GRAB- the entire series is FREE! The reddit posts start HERE: https://www.reddit.com/Superstonk/comments/o4vzau/hyperinflation_is_coming_the_dollar_endgame_part/
and there is a Google Doc version of the ENTIRE SERIES here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1552Gu7F2cJV5Bgw93ZGgCONXeenPdjKBbhbUs6shg6s/edit?usp=sharing
Thank you ALL, and POWER TO THE PLAYERS. GME FOREVER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can follow my Twitter at Peruvian Bull. This is my only account, and I will not ask for financial or personal information. All others are scammers/impersonators.

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You can follow my Twitter at Peruvian Bull. This is my only account, and I will not ask for financial or personal information. All others are scammers/impersonators.

It is 1958 & you have $65 dollars in your pocket ($670.27 today), what do you grab?

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